“U.S. Foreign Policy,
Deniability, and the Political ‘Utility’ of State Terror” by Terry Lynn Karl in
Marjorie Cohn’s United States and Torture
Excerpt, minor edit, italics by Carolyn Bennett
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| Torture breeds terrorism http://torturebreedsterrorism.wordpress.com/ |
“Citizens of democracies tend to rest comfortably in the belief that liberal democratic states use repression and torture against their own citizens much less often than other states. But democracies have not only tortured, as the Bush administration’s orders and practices in Abu Ghraib and Guantanamo so vividly demonstrate, but those with colonial histories or expansive ambitions have set the international standard in the development of the doctrines and techniques of repression.
“In fact, some democracies have taken the lead in pioneering and exporting methods of torture that ‘leave no marks’ as well as theories of ‘limited war’ that can sweep away civilian protections. Not only have they trained other military and state authorities in the science of coercive interrogation, but they and their allies have also used methods of torture and repression extensively in foreign wars … the French in Algeria, the British in Northern Ireland, and the Americans in Vietnam.
“These practices pose an enormous dilemma for the conduct of foreign
policy in democracies that extend themselves abroad, especially the United
States.
On the one hand,
U.S. foreign policy embeds itself in notions of American exceptionalism with
the concomitant belief that actions abroad should reflect the self-image of a
people who stand for freedom everywhere. Although most governments (even
dictatorships) attribute some sort of virtue to their actions abroad, the
United States sees itself as blessed by a unique goodness. This strong moral
streak in political culture, perhaps best captured by the oft-cited vision of a
‘city on a hill,’ as well as the desire to serve as a model to the world, would
seem to preclude the adoption of policies that can be widely perceived as
morally deficient.
Yet from its first
efforts to establish dominance beyond its borders to its newer status as the
sole superpower, the United States has developed a template for its operations
abroad that conflicts with the self-image.”
RHETORIC v. REALITY
“Beginning with its first efforts to assert control over the
Philippines in 1899, government rhetoric and reality clashed. In the
Philippines, some U.S. troops tortured prisoners of war (most frequently with
the ‘water cure’ currently known as waterboarding) and some commanders ‘took no
prisoners’ even if this meant killing every male capable of bearing arms…. In
Vietnam, tiger cages, waterboarding, electric shocks, assassinations, abuses,
kidnapping, and the summary executions in the Phoenix program of more than
20,000 suspected Viet Cong operatives without trial or due process were
prominent features of a war the American public eventually repudiated for its
brutality. These same practices migrated to Latin America, largely through the
teachings of U.S. advisers, where they helped keep military dictatorships in
power.…
“For the United States, making palatable its support for the
often-unpalatable actions of its own officials or its allies has been a central
problem from Vietnam to the current conflicts in the Middle East.…
“[Though] every president since [Lyndon Johnson and Richard Nixon] has
made rhetorical support for human rights and/or democratization a cornerstone
of foreign policy — [and] however reassuring and popular the rhetoric has been —
it seldom stands up against the primary goal of defending certain visions of national security. Nor has it ever been enough
in situations in which allies or … rogue U.S. officials and advisers might be
running amok. Under these circumstances, the temptation to dissemble [put on a
false appearance: conceal facts, intentions, or feelings under some pretense]
is not only enormous; it also can appear vital for protecting what an
administration chooses to define as
the ‘national interest.’”
UnMASKING TRUE FACE
UnMASKING TRUE FACE
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| Torture breeds terrorism http://torturebreedsterrorism.wordpress.com/ |
Notes from The United States and
Torture: Interrogation, Incarceration, and Abuse edited by Marjorie Cohn. New
York: New York University Press, 2011, pp. 70-71
Chapter 3: “U.S. Foreign Policy, Deniability, and the Political ‘Utility’
of State Terror— Case of El Salvador” by Terry Lynn Karl
Terry Lynn Karl is Gildred Professor of Latin American Studies,
Stanford University, Professor of Political Science, Stanford University, http://iis-db.stanford.edu/staff/2128/Terry_Karl-CV.pdf.
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Bennett's books available in New York State independent bookstores: Lift Bridge Bookshop: www.liftbridgebooks.com [Brockport, NY]; Sundance Books: http://www.sundancebooks.com/main.html [Geneseo, NY]; Talking Leaves Books-Elmwood: talking.leaves.elmwood@gmail.com [Buffalo, NY]; Book House of Stuyvesant Plaza: http://www.bhny.com/ [Albany, NY]; Mood Makers Books: www.moodmakersbooks.com [City of Rochester, NY]; Dog Ears Bookstore and Literary Arts Center: www.enlightenthedog.org/ [Buffalo, NY]; Burlingham Books – ‘Your Local Chapter’: http://burlinghambooks.com/ [Perry, NY 14530]; The Bookworm: http://www.eabookworm.com/ [East Aurora, NY] • Articles also at World Pulse: Global Issues through the eyes of Women: http://www.worldpulse.com/ http://www.worldpulse.com/pulsewire
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