Ida Wells, Fannie Lou Hamers still rising from US Deep South—Hon. Stacey Abrams: “sacred right” of citizenry

Voting Rights shall not be abridged or denied

Editing by Carolyn Bennett

Fannie Lou Hamer
1917-1977Voting Rights Champion
1962 -
Leader, Mississippi
Freedom Democratic Party

Background: Rep. Abrams

H

ouse Minority Leader for the Georgia General Assembly and State Representative for the 89th House District, Stacey Y. Abrams is the first woman to lead either major political party in the Georgia General Assembly and the first Black American to lead in the House of Representatives. She has been recognized nationally by Governing magazine as one of ‘12 Rising Legislators to Watch’, by Georgia Trend (2012, 2013, 2014) as one of the ‘100 Most Influential Georgians’, and by EMILY’s List (2014) as the inaugural recipient of the Gabrielle Giffords ‘Rising Star Award’.

Georgia politician
Hon. Stacey Abrams

Stacey Abrams is a lifetime member of the Council on Foreign Relations, a Next Generation Fellow of the American Assembly at Columbia University on U.S. Global Policy and the Future of International Institutions, an American Marshall Memorial Fellow, an American Council of Young Political Leaders Fellow, a Council on Italy Fellow, a British-American Project Fellow, a Salzburg Seminar – Freeman Fellow on U.S.-East Asian Relations and a Salzburg Seminar Fellow on youth and civic engagement.

Abrams took her academic credentials at Yale Law School (.JD); LBJ School of Public Affairs (University of Texas-Austin, Masters of Public Affairs in public policy); and Spelman College-Atlanta (Bachelor of Arts degree, Interdisciplinary Studies: Political Science, Economics, Sociology). Stacey Y. Abrams is an American civic leader, politician, business owner, initiator, and public servant.  She is founder of The New Georgia Project.

Woman
Suffragist
through 1920

Ida B. Wells
1862-1931
Mississippi to Tennessee
to Illinois
Teacher, Journalist,
Rights Activist;
Woman Suffragistthrough 1920

Representative Abrams speaking today on Democracy Now

Stacey Abrams said she founded The New Georgia Project as an offshoot of a nonprofit organization she had launched 16 years ago. Last year, in the course of conducting an investigation concerning the Affordable Care Act in southwest Georgia, the group found that many people had no health coverage and also a large majority of these citizens were not registered to vote.

A

s the Project delved into the voter registration issue and the larger issue of “civic engagement,” Abrams said, they realized that “more 800,000” of Georgia’s “unregistered African-American, Latino and Asian voters …needed to be registered.” And in 145 days and visits to 151 of 159 Georgia counties, the New Georgia Project “collected registration forms from 146 counties” and secured registrations of “more than 86,000 people.”

Rights now Challenged

In the course of their work, Abrams said, the Project found “deep flaws embedded in our [electoral] system” and dark deeds surrounding it.  

I

n the state of Georgia, she said, the Office of the Secretary of State has “unfettered power to make decisions that negatively affect voters.” Moreover, she says, as others have said, that “a system called the ‘Interstate Crosscheck’ is being used by this Secretary of State (as in other states) “without notifying the Legislature.”

Decisions taken that purge hundreds of thousands of citizens from voter rolls “are deeply problematic,” she says, but the examples of rights infringement also bring to light the greater need:

…to better define and control the voting system – because the right to vote is a sacred and basic right of people in a democracy.

 

What’s the citizen to do today?

Go to the polls – “whether you have received your precinct card or not, whether you have information or not,” Georgia State Representative Abrams says.

“Go vote …. Show up.”

Sources and notes

Hon. Stacey Abrams, Georgia State Rep., grew up in Mississippi and a Georgian since 1989, http://staceyabrams.com/

Also at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stacey_Abrams

http://www.house.ga.gov/representatives/en-US/Member.aspx?Member=58

“‘40,000 Voters Missing in Georgia’ (?) After Registration Drive in Areas of Color, Names Left off Rolls,” November 4, 2014,

http://www.democracynow.org/2014/11/4/40_000_voters_missing_in_georgia

Also: “New Voter Suppression Laws Could Decide Key Races, and Turn Back the Clocks for Years to Come,” Tuesday, November 4, 2014 FULL SHOW | HEADLINES | NEXT: “The Priciest Midterms Ever, Brought to you by ‘Dark...,’” http://www.democracynow.org/

A

lso on Interstate Crosscheck

Greg Palast: “Look up your Name on the Crosscheck Voter Purge-List” Thursday, October 30, 2014, by Greg Palast, http://www.gregpalast.com/look-up-your-name-on-the-crosscheck-voter-purge-list/

The Palast team has ripped the lid off ‘Interstate Crosscheck’ – a system used by 27 states, almost all under Republican control, which claims to find illegal ‘double voters,’ those who vote in the same election in two different states.

It took us months, but we got our hands on 2.1 million of the names of the so-called ‘double voters’ accused by Crosscheck. [Greg Palast]

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A lifelong American writer and writer/activist (former academic and staffer with the U.S. government in Washington), Dr. Carolyn LaDelle Bennett is credentialed in education and print journalism and public affairs (PhD, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; MA, The American University, Washington, DC). Her work concerns itself with news and current affairs, historical contexts, and ideas particularly related to acts and consequences of U.S. foreign relations, geopolitics, human rights, war and peace, and violence and nonviolence. Dr. Bennett is an internationalist and nonpartisan progressive personally concerned with society and the common good. An educator at heart, her career began with the U.S. Peace Corps, teaching in Sierra Leone, West Africa. Since then, she has authored several books and numerous current-affairs articles; her latest book: UNCONSCIONABLE: How The World Sees Us: World News, Alternative Views, Commentary on U.S. Foreign Relations; most thoughts, articles, edited work are posted at Bennett’s Study: http://todaysinsightnews.blogspot.com/ and on her Facebook page https://www.facebook.com/carolynladelle.bennett. http://www.prweb.com/releases/2014/08UNCONSCIONABLE/prweb12131656.htm http://bookstore.xlibris.com/Products/SKU-000757788/UNCONSCIONABLE.aspx Her books are also available at independent bookstores in New York State: Lift Bridge in Brockport; Sundance in Geneseo; Dog Ears Bookstore and Literary Arts Center in Buffalo; Burlingham Books in Perry; The Bookworm in East Aurora

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Gallery of Authentically Magnificent Women

Pleasure of their company

Compiled and edited by Carolyn Bennett

North American Women Leaders of African Descent: 19th-20th centuries

Shadd

Mary Ann Shadd Cary

“When Mary Ann Shadd Cary died in 1893, her commitment to justice remained. Her legacy, however, would not be fully appreciated until feminist and anti-racist scholars began her overdue recovery at the close of the 20th century.” Mary Ann Shadd Cary’s “insistence that ‘We should do more, and talk less’ (Cimbala, 19) [still rings] true, as [does] her hopes for progressive alliances.” [Canadian historian Veronica Strong-Boag]

Wells

Ida B. Wells

This prominent 20th century U.S. rights activist, educator and journalist is also often absent from history texts. Ida B. Wells (Barnett) investigated, decried and published material about lynching in the USA; and during the Woman’s Suffrage Movement, she insisted on being visibly present, daring to march despite objections among the ranks of Anglo women suffragists, and thus cracking the door into integrating not only the Woman’s Suffrage Movement but the larger movement for women’s rights in America.  [Mocha Memoirs Press]

Baker

Ella Baker

“I have always felt it was a handicap for oppressed peoples to depend so largely upon a leader, because unfortunately in our culture, the charismatic leader usually becomes a leader because he has found a spot in the public limelight. . .  In order for us as poor and oppressed people to become part of a society that is meaningful, the system under which we now exist has to be radically changed... It means facing a system that does not lend its self to your needs and devising means by which you change that system.” [Ella Baker]

 

Shirley Chisholm

Chisholm

“…Politics as practiced in the United States is a beautiful fraud that has been imposed on the people for years; its practitioners exchange gilded promises for the most valuable thing their victims own, their votes; and the lawyers benefit most.… Political organizations are formed to keep the powerful in power. Their first rule is ‘don’t rock the boat.’ If someone makes trouble and you can get him, do it; if you can’t get him, bring him in: Give him some of the action, let him have a taste of power. Power is all anyone wants, and if he has a promise of it as a reward for being good, he’ll be good. Anyone who does not play by those rules is incomprehensible to most politicians. …Unless we start to fight and defeat the enemies in our own country, poverty and racism; and make our talk of equality and opportunity ring true, we are exposed [to] the world as hypocrites when we talk about making people free.”  [Shirley Chisholm: Unbought and Unbossed]

Hamer

“We don’t have anything to be ashamed of. … You can pray until you faint, but if you don’t get up and try to do something, God is not going to put it in your lap.… [T]he time now is to stand up. Stand up for your constitutional right and one day, if we keep on standing up, we won’t have to take this literacy test—to copy a section of the constitution of Mississippi that we had never seen, and interpret it too. … One day we won’t have all of this to do. We’ll keep right on walking, and we’ll keep right on talking, and we’ll keep right on marching.” [Fannie Lou Hamer “We’re On Our Way”]

Unquestionable Magnificence

African American women (women of African descent) have contributed “significantly and magnificently to the survival, liberation and well-being of families, communities and nations, and to the elevation of the whole of society and humanity.” [Visions & Victories: Voices from the World Africa Community]

Sources and notes

Ida B.Wells-Barnett née Ida Bell Wells (journalist, educator, women’s/civil rights activist/leader) born July 16, 1862, Holly Springs, Mississippi; died March 25, 1931, Chicago, Illinois

Fannie Lou Hamer née Townsend (voting rights/civil rights activist/leader/campaigner) born October 6, 1917, Ruleville, Mississippi; died March 14, 1977, Mound Bayou, Mississippi

Shirley Chisholm née Shirley Anita St. Hill (pioneering politician) born November 30, 1924, Brooklyn, New York, U.S.; died January 1, 2005, Ormond Beach, Florida

Mary Ann Shadd Cary (American-Canadian anti-slavery activist, journalist, publisher, teacher and lawyer) born October 9, 1823, Wilmington, Delaware; died June 5, 1893, Washington, D.C.

Ella Josephine Baker (community organizer, political activist/civil rights leader) born December 13, 1903, Norfolk, Virginia; died December 13, 1986, New York City

Biographical briefs, Wikipedia and Encyclopedia Britannica

“For Racial and Women’s Equality: the Politics of Mary Ann Shadd Cary (1823-1893), January 24, 2014, posted by Strong-Boag, Veronica in Biographical, North America, http://womensuffrage.org/?p=22346

Dr. Veronica Strong-Boag is Women’s History Professor Emerita at the University of British Columbia

“Ida B. Wells-Barnett – Feminist Threat,” April 15, 2013,

http://mochamemoirspress.blogspot.com/2013/04/ida-b-wells-barnett-feminist-threat.html

“Truth, Beauty, Wisdom & Courage in Women of African Descent,” posted on March 7, 2011

http://hcvoice.wordpress.com/2011/03/07/405/

Visions & Victories: Voices from the World Africa Community, http://hcvoice.wordpress.com

A roll call of sorts: Queen Tiye, Ahmose-Nefertari, Queen Hatshepsut, Queen Istnofret, Queen Nefertari, Makeda (Queen of Sheba), Queen Nzingha, Lucy Terry, Phyllis Wheatley, Sally Hemings, Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman, Mary Ann Shadd Cary, Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, Edmonia Lewis, Queen Mother Moore, Fannie Lou Hamer, Barbara Jordan, Marian Anderson, Jane Matilda Bolin, Lorraine Hansberry

Rebecca Cole, Hallie Quinn Brown, Harriet Jacobs, Mary Jane Patterson, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Susie King Taylor, Mary Church Terrell, Mary Murray Washington, Madam C.J. Walker, Elizabeth Keckley, Susan McKinney Stewart, Mary Eliza Mahoney, A’Lelia Walker, Sarah Goode, Emma Frances Grayson Merritt, Octavia Albert, Janie Porter Barrett, Shirley Chisholm, Mary McLeod Bethune  Mary Jane Patterson, Sadie M. Alexander, Eva B. Dykes, Georgianna R. Simpson, Charlotte E. Ray

Zora Neale Hurston, Ariel Williams Holloway, Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller, Nannie Helen Burroughs, Ella Baker, Susan McKinney,  Rebecca Lee,    Merlie   Evers-Williams, Rosa Parks, Amy Jacques Garvey, Daisy Bates, Gwendolyn Brooks, Lena Horne, Frances Elliot Davis, Pearl Bailey, Bessie Coleman, Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin, Coretta Scott King, Althea Gibson, Annie Minerva Turnbo Malone, Augusta Savage, Nina Simone, Barbara Jordan, Eleanor Holmes Norton, Patricia R. Harris, Hazel Johnson

http://hcvoice.wordpress.com/2011/03/07/405/

Ella Baker quotes, http://www.quote-coyote.com/quotes/authors/b/ella-baker/

Shirley Chisholm quotes from Unbought and Unbossed, http://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/1255337-unbought-and-unbossed

“We’re On Our Way,” Fannie Lou Hamer Speech Text: Speech before a Mass Meeting held at the Negro Baptist School in Indianola, Mississippi (September 1964)

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Delta Woman echoes on International Women’s Day

Edited excerpt for Today’s Insight News by Carolyn Bennett

Fannie Lou Hamer was a hardworking American. Hers was the kind of backbreaking work Americans born after the great Depression will likely never experience. As a civil rights leader, Fannie Lou Hamer spoke boldly to us about us: to Americans about their treatment of one another, their divisiveness from one another that, ultimately, will cause America’s breakdown.

“I work for the liberation of all people because when I liberate myself I’m liberating other people,” Hamer said. “Sometimes I really feel sorrier for the White woman than I feel for ourselves, because she [has] been caught up in this thing ─ … caught up in this thing because you worked my grandmother and after that you worked my mother and then, finally, you got a hold on me.”

Coming out of the poorest state in the nation, from one of the poorest classes, Mrs. Hamer was harsh and frank about the way some college-educated Black women had difficulty embracing her as their sister:

“A few years ago throughout the country the middle class Black women ─ I used to say not really Black women but the middle class colored women ─ didn’t respect the kind of work that I was doing.

“In this struggle, some people say, ‘well, she don’t talk too good.’ The type of education that we get here ─ years to come, you won’t talk too good. The kind of education we get in the state of Mississippi will make our minds so narrow it won’t coordinate with our big bodies. We know we have a long fight, because our leaders like the preachers and the teachers are failing to stand up today. But we know some of the reasons for that ─ this brainwashed education the teachers have got.

“You see now, baby, whether you have a Ph.D., D.D.., or No D., we’re in this bag together. Whether you are from Morehouse or Nohouse, we’re still in this bag together. Not to fight to liberate ourselves from the men … but to work with them; then we have a better chance to just act as human beings and be treated as human beings in our sick society.

“A house divided against itself cannot stand. America is divided against itself and without considering us [today ‘us’ stretches to women, migrants, Muslims, minorities] as human beings, one day America will crumble!”

Fannie Lou Hamer was a woman of the Delta. She was born in 1918 on a plantation in the Mississippi hill country. Her parents were sharecroppers. She was the youngest of twenty children. When she was two years old, she and her parents moved to Sunflower County, Mississippi. In the time of her youth, the school term was only four months of a year; work took precedence over education. Fannie Lou Hamer loved to read and learned to read while in school though economic circumstances precluded her receiving more than six years of formal education.

Mrs. Hamer married and continued farming until the 1960s. She learned about voting in 1962 and later reflected, “That sounded interesting enough to me that I wanted to try it.”

When the civil rights movement began in Mississippi, Fannie Lou Hamer became a participant, first; then a leader. She joined the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee [SNCC] as a fieldworker in voter registration drives. Her work for civil rights led her to becoming a leading figure in organizing the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. As a member of MFDP, she attended the 1964 National Democratic Convention to challenge the seating of Mississippi’s Regular Democratic Party. During a credentials committee hearing at this convention, she made a famous television appearance describing the struggle and violence encountered when trying to vote in Mississippi.

“The first vote I cast, I cast . . . for myself,” she said ─ “because I was running for Congress.”

Fannie Lou Hamer opposed the incumbent Representative Jamie Whitten from her congressional district.

On behalf of the civil rights movement, Fannie Lou Hamer traveled widely making speeches in major U.S. cities and colleges. She helped form the farming cooperative, Freedom Farms, in Sunflower County, Mississippi. She ran in 1971 for a seat in the Mississippi Senate.

Fannie Lou Hamer lived and died (March 14, 1977) in the Delta. Eulogized in Ruleville, Fannie Lou Hamer is buried at Freedom Farms Cooperative in Mississippi.


Sources and notes
Hamer should be pronounced as in “name-r” but with an H instead of an n

Women in the Civil Rights Movement: Trailblazers and Torchbearers, 1941-1965, edited by Vicki L. Crawford, Jacqueline Anne Rouse, Barbara Woods (Indiana University Press, 1993), pp 212-214
Biographical notes Oral Historian, a cooperative project of USM Libraries and USM’s Center for Oral History and Cultural Heritage prepared and maintained by the Special Collections Digital Lab, a division of USM Libraries at the University of Southern Mississippi. http://www.lib.usm.edu/~spcol/crda/oh/hamer.htm

‘Ain’t over yet’ ─ Freedom Dem. Fannie Lou Hamer

From Kay Mills’ Fannie Lou Hamer biography This Little Light of Mine Edited for Today’s Insight News by Carolyn Bennett

Times have been far worse. Yet from that past more than mere shadows survive and thrive, and spread farther than tribe. In her day, Fannie Lou Hamer, a sharecropper with a 6-grade-education, acquitted herself for kin and country far better than we have. Hamer left a legacy we in our day seem unprepared to take and push farther forward.

On Capitol Hill and Mississippi voting rights USA, this is how it was Hamer’s day.

The year was 1965. The U.S. president was Lyndon Baines Johnson (D-Texas), vice president was Hubert H. Humphrey (D-Minn.); Speaker of the House John William McCormack (D-Mass.), Majority Leader Carl Albert (D-Okla.), Minority Leader Gerald Ford (R-Mich. The 89th Congress had convened January 4, 1965.

What the Democratic Party had refused to do, Congress was being asked to do ─ unseat white politicians. Fannie Lou Hamer, Annie Devine and Victoria Gray representing the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party challenged the seating in the House of Representatives of five white men from Mississippi. The Freedom Democrats said, “Since black Mississippians were effectively denied the vote, the election of the five congressmen in the fall of 1964 was illegal.”

 “Under the MFDP strategy, once the Speaker of the House was sworn in on the opening day of Congress [January 4, 1965], a member of the House would get the speaker’s attention just before the rest of the representatives rose to be sworn. He would challenge seating the Mississippians; those members challenged would have to stand aside while the rest where sworn in.” New York Congressman William Fitts Ryan representing Manhattan’s Upper Wide rose:

“‘Mr. Speaker, on my responsibility as a Member-elect of the 89th Congress, I object to the oath being administered to the gentlemen from Mississippi [Democrats Thomas G. Abernathy, Jamie L. Whitten, John Bell Williams, and William Colmer, and Republican Prentiss Walker]. I base this upon facts and statements I consider reliable. I also make this objection on behalf of a significant number of colleagues who are now standing with me.’

“There was literally a groundswell. About seventy members stood with Ryan.” The mission was accomplished for a few moments; but the challenged members were sworn in despite extensive evidence of the terrorizing of potential voters, registrants, and people attempting to register to vote.

Ryan pushed on, reminding the House that “‘the terror, violence and murder perpetrated [in the summer of 1964] upon those who attempted to help their fellow citizens exercise their right to vote focused national attention upon the fact that Mississippi tramples upon the U.S. Constitution by denying American citizens the right to vote.’ He restated Mississippi’s legislative steps to control black voting and observed that ‘laws are apparently not enough: for there are also economic reprisals, threats, intimidation and violence,’ not only toward blacks who try to vote but also toward their white allies. ‘According to the Justice Department in McComb, Mississippi, alone, there were, from June to October 1964, 17 bombings of churches, homes and businesses; 32 arrests; 9 beatings; and 4 church burnings as a result of voter registration and civil rights activity.’… The Justice Department had sued twenty-seven of Mississippi’s 82 counties. In seven cases, courts had found a pattern or practice of discrimination.

On August 6, 1965, President Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act. This measure suspended literacy tests and other discriminatory registration practices; directed the Justice Department to file suits to strike down poll taxes; provided that federal examiners be sent to help sign up voters in many southern counties; and required that changes in voter laws in many states be cleared through the Justice Department before taking effect.… Legitimate means of preventing future injustices were now in place but members of Congress were unwilling to correct the illegalities of the pas [as] … they, too, might be held accountable.” President Johnson sent mixed signals.

The congressional challenge was still at issue and unresolved. The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party stepped up pressure for action on the challenge. A hearing was set for room H-329 of the Capitol. The hearing began on Monday morning, September 13, 1965. Testifying before the committee were co-founders of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party: Annie Devine, Victoria Gray, and Fannie Lou Hamer. Here is some of what Fannie Lou Hamer had to say.

“‘I am standing here today suffering with a permanent kidney injury and a blood clot in the artery of my the left eye from a beating I got inside of the jail in Winona, Mississippi, because I was participating in voter registration. A county deputy, a state highway patrol ordered [the attack]. I want to say something else. When we go back home from this meeting here today, we stand a chance of being shot down, or either blown to bits in the state of Mississippi. …

“‘You gentlemen should know that the Negroes make up 58 percent of the potential voters of the Second Congressional District. This means that if Negroes were allowed to vote freely, I could be sitting up here with you right now as a Congresswoman.’

“Mrs. Hamer said that federal examiners had just been sent to Leflore County, where Greenwood is located. In just a few weeks, more than three thousand blacks had registered to vote, reflecting ‘the eagerness of the Mississippi Negro to participate in the elective process’ ─ but Mississippi was retaliating through lawsuits to try to keep newly registered voters off the rolls and through renewed violence and threats.

“‘Sweeping this challenge under the rug now and dismissing this challenge, I think would be wrong for the whole country because it is time for the American people to wake up. All we want is a chance to participate in the government of Mississippi.’

“With all the violence and people killed, [Hamer] added, not one had been convicted for these crimes and no one had served any prison time for them.

“‘It is only when we speak what is right that we stand a chance at night of being blown to bits in our homes. Can we call this a free country, where I am afraid to go to sleep in my own home in Mississippi? I am not saying that Mr. Whitten [Jamie Whitten, a major power in the House of Representatives who, at the time, had held office since 1941] or the other congressmen helped in that, but I am saying that they know this is going on. … I might not live two hours after I get back home, but I want to be a part of helping set the Negro free in Mississippi.’”

After the debate and vote on the congressional challenge, Fannie Lou Hamer spoke outside the hearing room before returning to her home state. “‘I’m not crying for myself today but I’m crying for America. I cry that the Constitution of the United States, written down on paper, applies only to white people. We will come back year after year until we are allowed our rights as citizens…

“‘It ain’t over yet. We’re coming back here, again, and again, and again… We showed them we’re for real, and now we have to build solidly in the state… take the challenge right to them in Sunflower County elections this November.’”

Fannie Lou Hamer (1917-1977) was among America’s stalwart rights activists. In her lifetime, she had been a sharecropper, voting rights activist, voter registrant in the Deep South, field worker for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), co-founder of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), orator, and political activist.


Sources and notes
This Little Light of Mine: the Life of Fannie Lou Hamer, Kay Mills, Dutton, 1993, 90-171
Black Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia, Hine, Brown and Terborg-Penn eds., Indiana University Press, 1993